动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则?
动词变化规则
一般动词直接加-ed,例如:look-looked;
以e结尾的动词直接加-d,例如:dance-danced;
辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,例如:study-studied;
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母加-ed,例如:skip-skipped;
以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加-ed;
以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。例如:travel-travelled/traveled(美);
部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条,这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。例如:worship-worshipped/worshiped(美)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(美)。
注:英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母。
不规则动词变化
动词过去式与原形相同;
动词过去式以-ought或-aught结尾的单词;
动词过去式由原形结尾的-end变为-ent;
动词过去式以-elt,-eft,-ept结尾;
动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变;
动词过去式以-ew结尾;
动词过去式-ee-变为-e-。
动词过去式
不规则动词过去式
is-was
are-were am-was go-went do,does-did bring-brought make-made have-had run-ran tell-told eat-ate get-got draw-drew put -put read-read take-took die-died see-saw
fly-flew
cut-cut
meet-met
tell-told
build-built
lend-lent
lose-lost
hear-heard
buy-bought
choose-chose
forget-forgot
sink-sank
sing-sang
begin-began
ring-rang
drink-drank
draw-drew
lie-lay
wear-wore
know-knew
teach-taught swim-swam
stand-stood
keep-kept
think-thought
规则动词: call,live,walk,talk,jump,use,plant,want,water,play,stop,study,visit,learn(learned/learnt)。
其他变化
1.原形-过去式-过去分词全相同
cost——cost——cost 价值
cut——cut——cut 切,割,砍
hit——hit——hit 打
hurt——hurt——hurt 伤害
read/ri:d/——read/red/——read/red/ 读
put——put——put 放
let——let——let 让
shut——shut——shut 关
2. 过去分词与原形相同,过去式改o/u为a
become—became—become 变得,成为
come—came—come 来
run—ran—run 跑
3. 原形-过去式-过去分词是i-a-u的变化
begin—began—begun 开始
drink---drank—drunk 喝
ring---rang—rung 打电话
sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)
swim---swam---swum 游泳
4. 过去分词在原形后加-en
eat—ate---eaten 吃
fall---fell—fallen 落下;跌倒
5. 过去式和过去分词都去掉原形的一个e
feed---fed—fed 喂养,饲养
meet---met---met 碰到,见面,会面
6. 过去分词在原形后加-n
blow—blew—blown 吹
grow—grew—grown 种植;生长
throw---threw---thrown 投;掷;扔
know---knew——known知道;懂得;认为
draw—drew—drawn 画
fly--- flew---flown飞
see --- saw --- seen 看见,看到
show---showed---shown 出示;给...看
give--- gave ---given 给
drive---drove---driven 驾驶
take---took---taken 拿去;带去
7. 过去分词以-en结尾
bite--- bit --- bitten 咬
ride---rode---ridden 骑(车,马等)
write---wrote---written 写
hold---held---holden 握住
break---broke---broken 弄坏,弄破
choose--chose--chosen 选择
speak---spoke---spoken 讲话;演讲
wake---woke---woken 使...醒来;弄醒
forget---forgot---forgotten 忘记
get---got---gotten 得到
hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏
8. 过去分词以-ne结尾
do --- did --- done 做,干
go --- went --- gone 去
9.过去式与过去分词都有aught结尾
catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住
teach---taught---taught 教
10.过去式和过去分词都以-ought结尾
bring---brought---brought 拿来;带来
buy ---bought ---bought 买
fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗
think---thought--thought 想;认为
seek---sought--sought寻求
11.
dig ---dug ---dug 挖
get ---got---got 得到;获得
sit --- sat --- sat 坐下
hold---held ---held 举行;握住
shine --- shone --- shone 照耀
say--- said ---said 说
pay---paid---paid 付账;为...付款
make---made---made 制造;制作
tell --- told --- told 告诉
sell---sold---sold 卖
stand --- stood --- stood 站立
understand-understood-understood 明白;理解
find --- found --- found 发现
12. 过去式和过去分词都在原形后加d或t
hear--heard--heard 听见;听说
mean --meant--meant 意思是
13. 过去式和过去分词都以elt,eft或ept结尾
feel --- felt --- felt 感觉
keep --- kept --- kept 保持
sleep---slept---slept 睡觉
leave --- left --- left 离开
14 .
have --- had --- had 有
lose --- lost --- lost 丢失;迷失
build---built---built 建造;建设
send --- sent --- sent 寄;送
lend---lent---lent 借
spend --- spent --- spent 花费(时间,金钱)
15.
lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于
wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴
be ---was, were --- been 是
16. 只有过去式
can --- could 能
may --- might 可能,也许
shall---should 将要
will---would 将要
17. 过去式和过去分词均有两个
burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃烧
dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做梦;梦见
learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学会
smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 闻
spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼写
Be动词的一般过去时
内容在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were
肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?
注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
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